Notes:
Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India discovered a new deep-water dogfish shark species, Squalus hima, off Kerala’s southwest coast. This genus, known as spurdogs, features smooth dorsal fin spines, a small mouth, and no body spots. Squalus hima is distinct from other species in vertebrae count, teeth count, and fin structure. Exploited for liver oil rich in squalene, it’s crucial for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Notes:
Nagaland won the ‘Best State in Horticulture Award 2024’ for innovative horticulture programs benefiting many farmers and rural people. Women Resource Development and Horticulture Minister Salhoutuonuo Kruse received the award in New Delhi. The state’s horticulture sector enhanced livelihoods, created jobs, ensured nutritional security, and achieved GI registration for three crops. Nagaland formed 13 farmers’ producer companies and certified 6,800 hectares organically, earning national recognition.

Notes:
Researchers developed a new method to store, identify, and share bacteriophages, making them more accessible to patients. Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect and destroy bacteria, making them the most common biological entities in nature. Found in diverse environments, phages consist of a nucleic acid molecule surrounded by a protein structure. Thousands of varieties exist, each targeting specific bacteria or archaea.

Notes:
The High Court of Karnataka took suo motu cognizance of the dengue rise across the state. Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection common in tropical and subtropical areas, is spread by Aedes mosquitoes. While many infections are mild, severe cases can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever, leading to rapid breathing, vomiting, and bleeding gums. With 400 million infections annually, treatment focuses on supportive care, as no specific medicine exists.